![]() ![]() Mild, short-term episodes of sadness can be beneficial. It's short-lived and it happens in response to a clear trigger. When you feel down or blue for a few days, that's sadness. "When you lose a loved one, a job, or a relationship - or you're living through a pandemic that requires periods of isolation - allowing yourself to feel sad can help you move past the pain,” she says. How many times have you heard sayings like, "Don't worry, be happy," "Keep your chin up," and "Focus on silver linings"? Society’s message always seems to be that we should avoid feeling sad at all costs.Īnd yet, according to Nicole Glickman, MSW, a licensed clinical social worker at Henry Ford Health, sadness is a normal, healthy response to loss, disappointment or difficulty. All rights reserved.Sadness gets a bad rap. We suggest that greater understanding of the neural bases of happy-sad congruence across modalities can shed light on basic mechanisms of affective perception and experience and may lead to novel insights in the study of emotion regulation and therapeutic use of music.Ĭopyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. Happy-sad congruence across modalities may enhance activity in auditory regions while incongruence appears to impact the perception of visual affect, leading to increased activation in face processing regions such as the FG. When presented with sad music, happy faces were rated as less happy (p=0.008) and sad faces were rated as sadder (p=0.002). When presented with happy music, happy faces were rated as more happy (p=0.051) and sad faces were rated as less sad (p=0.030). Behavioral testing supplemented these findings by showing that subject ratings of emotion in faces were influenced by emotion in music. In contrast, incongruent stimuli diminished the BOLD response in STG and elicited greater signal change in bilateral FG. Furthermore, the magnitude of these changes differed for happy congruence and sad congruence, i.e., the activation of STG when happy music was presented with happy faces was greater than the activation seen when sad music was presented with sad faces. There was a greater BOLD response in STG when the emotion signaled by the music and faces was congruent. ![]() We found activity in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and fusiform gyrus (FG) to be differentially modulated by music and faces depending on the congruence of emotional content. A block consisted of three emotional ON periods, music alone (happy or sad music), face alone (happy or sad faces), and music combined with faces where the music excerpt was played while presenting either congruent emotional faces or incongruent emotional faces. The experiment was conducted in the context of a conventional block-design experiment. We designed this study to determine the effect of auditory (happy and sad instrumental music) and visual stimuli (happy and sad faces) congruent or incongruent for emotional content on audiovisual processing using fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal contrast. We hypothesized that neural mechanisms involved in listening to music may differ when presented together with visual stimuli that conveyed the same emotion as the music when compared to visual stimuli with incongruent emotional content. The powerful emotion inducing properties of music are well-known, yet music may convey differing emotional responses depending on environmental factors. ![]()
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